Placostylus ambagiosus
Plagiostylus ambagiosus is a species of flax snail (Māori: pupuharakeke), a large air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Placostylidae, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Description
This snail has a large (60–95 millimetres or 2.4–3.7 inches long) shell, which is heavily calcified.
Distribution
This land snail species occurs in New Zealand. It is restricted to a small fragmented area of Northland Region, including the Aupouri Peninsula and Motuopao Island.[4]
Subspecies
Eight extant subspecies and a number of undescribed but distinct populations have been recognised;[4] 6 subspecies are now extinct[5] (marked with a †); conservation statuses are given according to the New Zealand Threat Classification System for the extant taxa: "nationally critical" and "nationally endangered":[6]
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Herangi Hill" †
- Placostylus ambagiosus "nouvelle" - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Haupatoto" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Kauaetewhakapeke Stream" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Kohuronaki" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Poroiki" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Te Paki" - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Tirikawa" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus ambagiosus Suter, 1906 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus annectens Powell, 1938 2
- Placostylus ambagiosus consobrinus Powell, 1938 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus gardneri †
- Placostylus ambagiosus hancoxi 1
- Placostylus ambagiosus hinemoa †
- Placostylus ambagiosus keenorum Powell, 1938 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus lesleyae †
- Placostylus ambagiosus michiei Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus pandora Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus paraspiritus Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus priscus †
- Placostylus ambagiosus spiritus †
- Placostylus ambagiosus watti Powell, 1947 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus whareana Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus worthyi †
Buckley et al. (2011)[7] found based on molecular phylogeny research and shell morphology research, that there are no susbspecies of Placostylus ambagiosus.[7]
References
- ^ Sherley G. (1996). "Placostylus ambagiosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/17444. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ Suter H. (1906). J. de Conch. 54: 253, plate 8, figure 1-3.
- ^ "Object: Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1907; lectotype; lectotype of Placostylus hongii ambagiosus Suter, 1907". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails.aspx?oid=158444. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ a b I. A. N. Stringer & E. A. Grant (2007). Captive rearing and biology of the endangered giant land snails Placostylus ambagiosus and P. hongii (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae). DOC Research & Development Series 279. Department of Conservation. ISBN 978-0-478-14288-4. http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds279.pdf.
- ^ "Extinct Species of New Zealand". Natural Heritage Collection. http://www.nhc.net.nz/index/extinct-new-zealand/extinct.htm. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ^ "Terrestial invertebrate - part one". New Zealand Threat Classification System. Department of Conservation. 2002. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/archive/new-zealand-threat-classification-system-lists-2002/terrestial-invertebrate-part-one/.
- ^ a b Buckley T. R., Stringer I., Gleeson D., Howitt R., Attanayake D., Parrish R., Sherley G. & Rohan M. (2011). "A revision of the New Zealand Placostylus land snails using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphometric analyses, with implications for conservation". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38(1): 55-81. doi:10.1080/03014223.2010.527997.
Further reading